This Day in History

[Susan]

Didn't get to do this yesterday because I lost power due to Hurricane Sandy.

October 30, 1485 - Coronation of Henry VII
Henry’s wife Elizabeth of York was crowned on November 24, 1487.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England

October 30, 1611 – Death of Charles IX of Sweden at Nyköping Castle; buried at Strängnäs Cathedral
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden

October 30, 1668 – Birth of Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, wife of Frederick I of Prussia, at Schloss Iburg in Osnabrück, Germany
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_Cha ... of_Hanover

October 30, 1816 – Death of Frederick I of Württemberg; buried at the Palace Chapel in Ludwigsburg Palace
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_ ... Crttemberg

October 30, 1892 – Death of Olga Nikolaevna of Russia, wife of Charles I of Württemberg, at Friedrichshafen, Württemberg; buried at the Old Castle in Stuttgart
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olga_Nikolaevna_of_Russia

[Susan]

October 31 in royal history:

October 31, 1214 - Death of Eleanor, daughter of Henry II, at the Abbey of Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile; buried at the Abbey of Las Huelgas
Born in 1162, Eleanor was the second daughter of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1179, she married King Alfonso VIII of Castile. The marriage was a happy one and produced four sons and eight daughters. Alfonso died on October 6, 1214. Eleanor was grief-stricken and died 25 days later. They were both buried in the Abbey of Las Huelgas near Burgos, where their daughter Constance was the abbess.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonora_of_Aquitaine

October 31, 1345 – Birth of Fernando I of Portugal in Lisbon, Portugal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_I_of_Portugal

October 31, 1391 – Birth of King Duarte of Portugal in Viseu, Kingdom of Portugal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duarte_of_Portugal

October 31, 1396 - Wedding of Richard II (2nd marriage) and Isabella of Valois, who was six years old
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_Valois

October 31, 1613 – Birth of Luisa de Guzmán, wife of João IV of Portugal, in Sanlúcar, Spain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luisa_de_Guzm%C3%A1n

October 31, 1765 - Death of William, Duke of Cumberland, son of George II, at Upper Grosvenor Street, London, England; buried at Westminster Abbey
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Au ... Cumberland

October 31, 1786 – Death of Princess Amelia Sophia, daughter of George II, at Cavendish Square, London, England; buried at Westminster Abbey
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_A ... at_Britain

October 31, 1838 – Birth of Luís I of Portugal in Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_I

October 31, 1851 – Birth of Lovisa of Sweden, wife of Frederik VIII of Denmark, at Stockholm Palace in Stockholm, Sweden
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovisa_of_Sweden

October 31, 1922 - Birth of King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk

October 31, 1950 - Birth of Princess Nora of Liechtenstein, daughter of Franz Josef II of Liechtenstein
Full name: Norberta Elisabeth Maria Assunta Josefine Georgine et omnes sancti
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_N ... chtenstein

October 31, 1955 - Princess Margaret announces she won't marry Peter Townsend
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/date ... 202307.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1099594.stm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_M ... ed_Kingdom

October 31, 1960 - Birth of Reza Pahlavi, the son and heir of the last Shah of Iran, in Tehran, Iran
http://www.rezapahlavi.org/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reza_Pahlavi_II

October 31, 2005 – Birth of Infanta Leonor of Spain, daughter of Felipe, Prince of Asturias, at the Ruber International Clinic in Madrid
Full name: Leonor de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Ortiz
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanta_Leonor_of_Spain

[Susan]

November 1, 1254 - Wedding of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile at the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas in Castile (Spain)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile

November 1, 1526 – Death of Catherine Jagiellon, wife of Johan III of Sweden, at Stockholm, Sweden; buried at Uppsala Cathedral
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Jagiellon


November 1, 1549 – Birth of Anna of Austria, fourth wife of Philip II of Spain, in Cigales, Spain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_of_Au ... 49-1580%29

November 1, 1700 – Death of Carlos II of Spain at Madrid; buried at the Monastery of San Lorenzo El Real in El Escorial
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_II

November 1, 1778 – Birth of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden at Stockholm Palace, Sweden
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf_of_Sweden

November 1, 1864 – Birth of Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, wife of Grand Duke Serge Alexandrovitch of Russia, granddaughter of Queen Victoria, at Bessungen, Darmstadt, Germany
Elisabeth was the daughter of Princess Alice and Grand Duke Louis of Hesse and by Rhine. Ella, as she was known by her family, was murdered by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution. She was canonized as a saint by the Russian Orthodox Church and is depicted above the Great West Door of Westminster Abbey with other Twentieth Century Martyrs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duch ... Fyodorovna

November 1, 1894 - Death of Tsar Alexander III of Russia at Livadia Palace in the Crimea; buried at the Fortress of Sts. Peter and Paul, St. Petersburg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia

[Susan]

November 2, 1083 – Death of Matilda of Flanders, wife of William the Conqueror, at Caen, Normandy; buried at Holy Trinity Abbey, Caen, Normandy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_of_Flanders

November 2, 1160 – Wedding of Henry the Young King and Marguerite of France, daughter of King Louis VII, at Neubourg, Normandy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite ... rn_1158%29

November 2, 1470 - Birth of Edward V in sanctuary at Westminster Abbey
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_V
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctuary# ... dieval_law
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey

November 2, 1475 - Birth of Anne of York, daughter of Edward IV, at the Palace of Westminster
Anne married Thomas Howard, later the 3rd Duke of Norfolk, but she died young and they had no children. The Duke later married Anne Stafford, daughter of the Duke of Buckingham and was the uncle of Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Yo ... _of_Surrey

November 2, 1483 – Execution of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, in Salisbury
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Staf ... Buckingham

November 2, 1709 - Birth of Anne, Princess Royal, daughter of George II, at Schloss Herrenhausen, Hanover, Germany
Anne married the Prince William IV of Orange. The Dutch Royal Family is descended from her.

November 2, 1755 - Birth of Maria Antonia of Habsburg-Lotharingen, wife of Louis XVI of France; at Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria
Full name: Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna (better known by her French name, Marie Antoinette)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Antoinette

November 2, 1767 - Birth of Edward, Duke of Kent, son of George III, at Buckingham Palace
Full name: Edward Augustus
The Duke of Kent was the father of Queen Victoria.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edw ... ke_of_Kent

November 2, 1777 - Birth of Princess Sophia, daughter of George III, at Buckingham Palace
Full name: Sophia Matilda
Sophia was the fifth daughter and twelfth child of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenberg-Strelitz. She had an illegitimate son by Captain Thomas Garth. Sophia never married but lived with her mother as a companion. She died at Vicarage House, Kensington and was buried at her request at Kensal Green Cemetery opposite her brother the Duke of Sussex.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_S ... ed_Kingdom

November 2, 1916 – Death of Elisabeth of Wied, wife Carol I of Romania, at Bucharest, Romania; buried at the Cathedral of the Curtea de Arges Monastery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Wied
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtea_de_ ... _Cathedral

November 2, 1938 - Birth of Sofia of Greece, wife of King Juan Carlos I of Spain, in Psychiko, Athens, Greece
Full name: Sofia Margarita Victoria Frederika
Sofia is a descendant of Queen Victoria via both her father and mother.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain

[Susan]

November 3 in royal history:

November 3, 1717 - Birth of Prince George William, son of George II, at St. James Palace
Little Prince George died in February, 1718
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Geo ... m_of_Wales

November 3, 1852 - Birth of Emperor Meiji of Japan in Kyoto, Japan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Meiji_of_Japan

November 3, 1901 – Birth of Leopold III of the Belgians in Brussels
Full name: Léopold Philippe Charles Albert Meinrad Hubertus Marie Miguel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_III_of_Belgium

November 3, 1961 - Birth of David Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley, son of Princess Margaret, at Clarence House
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%2C_Viscount_Linley

[Susan]

November 4 in royal history:

November 4, 1393 - Wedding of Edmund of Langley, Duke of York and Joan Holland
Edmund was the fifth son of Edward III. Edmund and Joan had no children. However, Edmund was the founder of the House of York with his first wife Isabel of Castile via their son Richard, Earl of Cambridge who was grandfather to Edward IV and Richard III.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_of_Langley
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Holland

November 4, 1631 - Birth of Mary, Princess Royal, daughter of Charles I, at St. James Palace, London
Mary married Prince William II of Orange and was the mother of Prince William III of Orange. William III of Orange married his first cousin Mary, daughter of James II. They jointly succeeded to the British throne as William III and Mary II after the overthrow of James II.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%2C_Pr ... _of_Orange

November 4, 1677 - Wedding of William III and Mary II at St. James Palace, London
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_England
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_II_of_England

November 4, 1970 – Death of former King Peter II of Yugoslavia in Denver, Colorado; buried at St. Sava Serbian Orthodox Monastery, Libertyville, Illinois
Peter is the only European monarch buried on American soil. In March, 2007, his son Crown Prince Alexander announced that he planned to return his father's remains to Yugoslavia and re-inter him at the Mausoleum of the Serbian Royal Family, but this has yet to happen.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia

[Susan]

November 5 in royal history:

November 5, 1605 – The Gunpowder Plot, conceived by Guy Fawkes and 10 accomplices, to kill King James I and all members of Parliament is scheduled by planting gunpowder under Parliament. The conspirators were tried, convicted and beheaded.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Fawkes
http://www.britannia.com/history/kaboom.html

November 5, 1726 - Death of Lady Mary Tudor, illegitimate daughter of Charles II by Mary 'Moll' Davis, in Paris, France
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Mary_Tudor

November 5, 1828 – Death of Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg, second wife of Tsar Paul I of Russia, at Pavlovsk Palace; buried at Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
Name after marriage: Maria Feodorovna
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Dor ... Crttemberg

November 5, 1864 – Birth of Hilda of Luxembourg, wife of Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden, at Biebrich (Germany)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilda_of_Nassau

[Susan]

November 6 in royal history:

November 6, 1429 - Coronation of Henry VI
Henry became king when he was 8 months old. He was crowned one month before his eighth birthday. Henry’s wife Margaret of Anjou was crowned on May 30, 1445.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England

November 6, 1479 – Birth of Juana I of Castile in Toledo, the capital of the Kingdom of Castile
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile


November 6, 1550 – Birth of Karin Månsdotter, wife of Eric XIV of Sweden, in Stockholm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin_M%C3%A5nsdotter


November 6, 1612 - Death of Henry, Prince of Wales, son of James I, at St. James Palace, London; buried at Westminster Abbey
Henry died of typhoid at age 18. His brother Charles (later Charles I) became heir to the throne. Henry’s death was considered a national tragedy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Fred ... e_of_Wales
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._James_Palace

November 6, 1632 – Death of Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden at the Battle of Lützen (Saxony, Germany); buried at Riddarholmen Church in Stockholm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavus_A ... _of_Sweden

November 6, 1650 – Death of William II, Prince of Orange from smallpox at The Hague (Netherlands); buried in the Royal Vault of the Nieuwe Kerk in Delft
William was the father of William III of England who was born a week after his father's death. William III's mother and his wife Mary II of England also died of smallpox.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_II ... _of_Orange

November 6, 1656 – Death of João IV of Portugal at Ribeira Palace, Lisbon; buried at the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora, Lisbon
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_IV

November 6, 1661 – Birth of Carlos II of Spain at Royal Alcazar in Madrid, Spain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_II

November 6, 1754 – Birth of Frederick I of Württemberg in Treptow (Poland)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_ ... Crttemberg

November 6, 1816 – Death of Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in Neustrelitz (Germany)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II ... g-Strelitz


November 6, 1817 - Death of Princess Charlotte of Wales, only child of the Prince of Wales (later George IV), in childbirth after delivering a stillborn son, at Claremont House, Esher, Surrey; buried at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle

Not many people remember Charlotte but I think it is important that she be remembered and that it is understood how her death affected the British succession.

Charlotte married Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the uncle of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert and the future king of Belgium. Had Charlotte lived, she would have succeeded her father George IV as queen but on November 6, 1817, a great tragedy struck the British Royal Family. Twenty-one year old Princess Charlotte, the only child of George, Prince of Wales, died after delivering a stillborn son. Charlotte was mourned by the British people in a manner similar to the mourning of Diana, Princess of Wales. Charlotte’s pregnancy and delivery were grossly mismanaged and the doctor in charge later committed suicide.

At the time of her death, Charlotte, who was second in line to the throne, was the only legitimate grandchild of King George III, despite the fact that he had eleven of his fifteen children were still living. Her death left no legitimate heir in the second generation, and prompted the aging sons of George III to begin a frantic search for brides to provide for the succession. George III's eldest son (Charlotte's father) and his second son Frederick, Duke of York, were in loveless marriages, and their wives, both in their late forties, were not expected to produce heirs. William, Duke of Clarence, age 53, married 26 year old Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen. 50 year old Edward, Duke of Kent, married 32 year old widow Victoire of Saxe-Coburg-Saafeld. Victoire was the sister of Leopold, Princess Charlotte's widower. 21 year old Augusta of Hesse-Cassel was married to 44 year old Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge. It was then the scramble to produce an heir began.

Within a short time, the three new Duchesses, along with Frederica, wife of Ernest, Duke of Cumberland, became pregnant. Augusta gave birth to a son on March 26, 1819; Adelaide had a daughter the following day. Victoire produced a daughter on May 24, 1819 and three days later Frederica had a boy. Adelaide's daughter would have been the heir but she died in infancy. The child of the next Royal Duke in seniority stood to inherit the throne. This was Alexandrina Victoria, daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent and Victoire. The baby stood fifth in line to the throne after her uncles George, Frederick and William, and her father.

The baby's father Edward died in 1820, eight months after her birth. Later in 1820, King George III's death brought his eldest son to the throne as George IV. Frederick, Duke of York, died in 1827, bringing the young princess a step closer to the throne. George IV died in 1830 and his brother William (IV) succeeded him. During William's reign little Drina, as she was called, was the heiress presumptive. There was always the possibility that King William IV and Queen Adelaide would still produce an heir. But it was not to be. William died on June 20, 1837 and left the throne to his 18 year old niece, who is known to history as Queen Victoria.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Augusta
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claremont_House
http://www.stgeorges-windsor.org/

Memorial to Charlotte at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor


November 6, 1836 – Death of former Charles X of France and Navarre at the palace of Count Michael Coronini von Cronberg in Gorizia, in present-day Italy; buried at the Church of Saint Mary of the Annunciation on Kostanjevica Hill in present-day Nova Gorica, Slovenia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_X_of_France

November 6, 1935 - Wedding of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, and Lady Alice Montagu-Douglas-Scott at the Private Chapel, Buckingham Palace
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Hen ... Gloucester
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_A ... Gloucester

[Susan]

November 7 in royal history:

November 7, 2000 – Death of Ingrid of Sweden, wife of Frederik IX of Denmark at Fredensborg Castle; buried at Roskilde Cathedral
http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/danish ... -1910-2000
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrid_of_Sweden
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredensborg_Castle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roskilde_Cathedral

Ingrid is buried outside of Roskilde Cathedral with her husband, who wanted to be buried within sight of the sea; photos from my August, 2011 visit to Roskilde Cathedral

[Susan]

November 8 in royal history:

November 8, 1226 – Death of Louis VIII of France at Château Montpensier, France; buried at St. Denis Basilica
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France

November 8, 1622 - Birth of Carl X Gustav of Sweden at Nyköping Castle, Sweden
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_X_of_Sweden

November 8, 1715 – Birth of Elizabeth Christine of Brunswick-Bevern, wife of Frederick II of Prussia (the Great), at Schloss Bevern, Wolfenbüttel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_ ... ick-Bevern


November 8, 1768 - Birth of Princess Augusta Sophia, daughter of George III, at Buckingham Palace
Augusta was the second daughter and sixth child of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenberg-Strelitz. She was brought up with her sisters under a strict governess. Augusta never married but spent her time attending her mother. When her mother died, Parliament voted her an income of 13,000 pounds. Augusta was the favorite sister of her brother George IV. She was an accomplished musician and composed songs, marches and waltzes and was noted for acts of charity. She lived at Clarence House and died there in 1840. Augusta was buried at St. George's Chapel, Windsor.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_A ... at_Britain

November 8, 1777 – Birth of Désirée Clary, wife of Charles XIV of Sweden, in Marseilles, France
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary


November 8, 1876 – Death of Maria Vittoria del Pozzo della Cisterna, wife of Amadeo I of Spain, at Sanremo, Italy; buried at the Basilica of Superga, Turin, Italy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Vitt ... a_Cisterna

November 8, 1933 - Assassination of King Nadir Shah of Afghanistan at Kabul, Afghanistan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Nadir_Shah

November 8, 2003 - Birth of Lady Louise Windsor, daughter of Prince Edward, at Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey
Full name: Louise Alice Elizabeth Mary
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Louise_Windsor